Skeptiko – Science at the Tipping Point

119. Dr. Pim van Lommel Transformed by Near-Death Experience Research

November 16th, 2010 alex

Cardiologist and NDE Researcher Dr. Pim van Lommel discuses how his research with near-death experiencers has changed his beliefs about life and consciousness.

van-lommel-bookJoin Skeptiko host Alex Tsakiris for an interview with cardiologist and author of Consciousness Beyond Life: The Science of the Near-Death Experience, Dr. Pim van Lommel.  During the interview Dr. van Lommel explains how he began his research, and how what he learned from his patients led him to a personal transformation, “I started to ask my patients who survived cardiac arrest if they could remember something of the period of unconsciousness. To my big surprise, out of 50 patients asked, 12 of them told me about their NDEs. This was the start of my scientific curiosity, how could people have an enhanced consciousness when they are unconscious, when the heart doesn’t work, and there is no breathing, and their brain has stopped functioning?”  Van Lommel continues, “When you have spoken to patients who have had a near-death experience, their emotions, their reluctance to share their experience with you… it’s so honest. You just believe them because they’re so honest. You get convinced that there is more than what we can see, what we can measure.”

Dr. van Lommel also discusses how his controversial findings have been accepted by the medical community, “The gap is not as big as you presume.  It just looks that way because the Skeptics are very active. The Skeptics have their own truth and they don’t listen to somebody else who has a different opinion. So there’s a gap and there will always be a gap. There is no discussion possible with Skeptics because they have the truth.  But a lot of physicians are a little bit more open, but they won’t write articles. They won’t write or tell about it in public. I know some physicians who have had a near-death experience. They said to me and wrote to me that, ‘what happened to me now I’ve always said this is impossible, and now it happened to me.’”

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Alex Tsakiris: Welcome to Skeptiko where we explore controversial science with leading researchers, thinkers, and their critics. I’m your host, Alex Tsakiris.

Before we get started with today’s interview with Dr. Pim Van Lommel, I want to take a couple of minutes and talk about skepticism and a couple of things that have come up in the Skeptiko forums.

Before Skeptiko I don’t think I ever had more than a couple of forum posts in my whole life and since I’ve already passed the 1,000 mark in forum posts on Skeptiko, you can see that I’ve changed quite a bit. This dialogue that I’ve been able to have with Skeptiko listeners has been very informative for me. It’s also shaped a lot of the shows and a lot of the directions we’ve taken with many of our guests.

The other thing I feel like I’ve gotten from the Skeptiko forums is a deeper appreciation for the skeptical position, if you will. Not that I agree with all the skeptics I dialogue with there because in general I don’t, but it gives me an appreciation for what I’ve dubbed as the “two skeptical questions.” They both relate to this interview we have coming up with Pim Van Lommel, but they’re also broader in scope, as well.

So the first skeptical question that seems to always crop up is the rebuttal question-the “but” question, and it’s obvious. It’s what’s the other side have to say? And while all of us who are scientifically and reason/logic based ask those questions all the time, there’s something unique in the way that the question gets framed within this skeptic versus believer context. The difference is the depth of rebuttal.

Let me give you an example of how this has played out in the Skeptiko forum and then you’ll understand what I mean. Recently in the Skeptiko forum I posted an article by Chris Carter. Chris Carter is a fairly well-known author in these circles. His first book was titled Parapsychology and the Skeptics. I should mention he has a second book out as well on near-death experiences and we’re going to have Chris on shortly to talk about that.

But anyway, in this article that Chris authored, he gave a thorough and quite convincing response to Richard Wiseman’s article on “Heads I Win, Tails You Lose: A Critique of Parapsychology.” We’ve had Wiseman on with Rupert Sheldrake to debate that in the past, but Chris’s article goes one step further and lays out in a very detailed form some of the arguments against Wiseman’s claims.

Well, when I posted this on the Skeptiko forum I got quite a reaction. As a matter of fact, the reaction was so strong that one of the posters essentially dared me to repost some of the issues in the James Randi Educational Foundation, the JREF forum. So now, if you’re not familiar with the forum world and the skeptic versus believer world, the JREF forum is heavy-duty, hardcore skeptics. It certainly pulls no punches when it comes to flaming ideas or people who don’t fit into the way they see things.

Now in fairness to the folks over in the JREF forum, there are a lot of very smart people over there and there are a number of people who post there in the JREF forum as well as the Skeptiko forum, although a few less than there were before this last few weeks, which is another story. But back to this story, so I reposted this article by Chris Carter and his critique of Richard Wiseman. I posted that over in the James Randi Educational Foundation forum and the response that I got to that is what I really want to talk about, because it gave me an insight and appreciation for what skeptics have to deal with.

In the article, Chris laid out a lot of well-known issues that have been pretty well hashed out between parapsychology researchers and parapsychology critics. But when I looked at the number of posts and the quality of posts, which were really pretty good in the JREF forum, I got an appreciation for just how hard it would be for anyone to sort out this information.

One of the points that was raised was the whole issue of Wiseman and Sheldrake’s experiment with the psychic dog, the JT experiment, which if you don’t know about it, go back and look in the previous episodes of Skeptiko because we’ve only done about 10 hours of show on it. But that case is about as clear-cut an example as you can get of skeptical misdeeds, in this case on the part of Richard Wiseman whose–in the words of Rupert Sheldrake– “persistence in the deception is hard to fathom.”

And it really is. If you really understand the case and you really pull it apart there’s really no way to defend Richard Wiseman. Even a lot of the posters on the JREF forum were kind of carefully tip-toeing around like ‘okay, let’s not get too close to that one because we know it doesn’t have any solid ground.’ But you really couldn’t have gotten that out of the forum.

So my point is if you were a skeptic and you heard me say, “Hey, Sheldrake’s evidence of telepathy among dogs is pretty convincing,” and then you went over and looked at the other side, the “but” side, the rebuttal side, and you tried to sort out what they had to say, I’ve got to say I don’t know how you could do it. Not so much because it’s intellectually heavy-duty challenging; it’s not. But it takes a good deal of time and persistence to pull it all apart and most of us don’t have the time to deal with it. Especially on every little minor issue that comes up.

So what do we do? Well, we wind up putting our trust in people we believe have looked at it and have given it a fair evaluation. While that’s convenient and useful, it’s also part of the problem. I mean, if Skeptiko has shown me anything-and hopefully it’s shown you this same thing-you’ve got to do your own research. You’ve got to figure this stuff out on your own. If you’re trusting someone else for the answer to these kinds of questions, you’re always going to have that nagging doubt in your mind if they’re really telling you the truth.

So the first issue for skeptics is the “but” question, and it’s a hard one to overcome because there’s just too much information out there. A lot of the skeptical stuff sounds just as good at first glance as the believer stuff. So I don’t know that there’s an easy answer for that. I guess I have a little bit of a deeper appreciation of just how hard it is to sort through all this stuff.

I guess that challenge leads right into the second skeptical question, but it does so in a strange, very counter-intuitive way. The second skeptical question as I see it is the “if” question. The “if” question takes a couple of forms. The first “if” question has to do with authority. It goes something like: If this is true, if consciousness survives death, if ESP is true, if mediums really can talk to the dead, then why doesn’t everybody know it? Why hasn’t science embraced it? Why haven’t all these people I trust embraced this information if it’s so compelling? If the proof is that strong?

And of course, that’s a question we’ve talked quite a bit about on this show. It’s really harder to unravel than it might seem. It leads us into all sorts of other areas of social pressures and academic institutions and paradigm shifts, and all those other things that we’ll leave aside for a minute, but just to acknowledge that that first “if” question is there.

The second “if” question I think is really the one that winds up tripping up most people. That’s the “if” question that says: If this is true, then what else is true? If this is true, then what other beliefs do I have that have to start being re-examined? In this regard I think a lot of parapsychology or psi or consciousness researchers can do themselves a real dis-service if they undersell the importance of this “if” question.

I mean, if you’re researching telepathy and you say, “Telepathy is real and I have proven it in the lab,” and if you at the same time acknowledge that that changing paradigm that telepathy implies, changes everything in science fundamentally-every area of science you can imagine it touches on. If you don’t acknowledge that then I think you leave a lingering doubt in the minds of people who are skeptical.

Because you know what? That’s one thing the skeptics have figured out. They understand the slippery slope, if you will. They understand that if our mind isn’t a product 100% of our brain, if consciousness is separate from brain function, then survival of consciousness is not just on the table, but given the data we already have, it’s fait accompli. The data is just too strong for that.

And then if you jump onto that stone and you say, “Okay, consciousness is separate from brain function and therefore maybe consciousness does survive death,” then you’re right there knocking on the gates of Heaven, if you will.  Because you have to bring into the conversation the content of those experiences that says there is a higher order, there is some universal feeling of love, of consciousness, the core of cultural issues that have been battled for hundreds of years. Hey, those are on the table.

So don’t do your telepathy experiment and pretend that you can still play in a little Atheistic sandbox over here because you can. Once you start going down these series of “if” questions, it gets really scary really quick. And at the end of the day, I think that’s what trips up a lot of people who are skeptical. At some level, maybe a level they’re not fully aware of, they’ve thought through the if/then implications of opening themselves up to this information. To changing their belief systems to accommodate some of this data. It’s scary because most of us are pretty comfortable with the way that our world is, or at least we’re comfortable enough that we don’t want to turn it upside down and shake it radically. Yet that’s what paradigm shifting is all about.

So on today’s show I have an interview with NDE researcher, Dr. Pim Van Lommel, who has an interesting perspective on these issues we’ve been talking about, for a couple of reasons. One is because he’s confronted them head-on as a traditionally trained and well respected cardiologist. His research has caused him to step outside of the belief system that was infused in his training and among his colleagues and find a different truth.

The other way I think it’s relevant is the personal transformation that this information took him through. We only touch on that a little bit in the interview but it really is, I think, my favorite part of this dialogue with Dr. Van Lommel. Hopefully most of us aren’t going to face a near-death experience, but the idea that maybe we can study, research, use logic, and come to some of the same conclusions that people who have had these fantastic experiences do, is hopeful for all of us.

Please stay with me for this very interesting interview with Dr. Pim Van Lommel.

Alex Tsakiris: Today’s guest is a world-class cardiologist and one of the leading medical experts on near-death experiences. His book titled, Consciousness Beyond Life: The Science of Near-Death Experience, covers his more than 25 years researching NDEs in the Netherlands and around the world. Dr. Pim Van Lommel, thanks so much for joining me today on Skeptiko.

Dr. Van Lommel: You’re welcome.

Alex Tsakiris: So Dr. Van Lommel, as your book details, you ‘ve been studying near-death experience for quite some time. Why this book right now?

Dr. Van Lommel: We started a study in 1988 in the Netherlands, a prospective study, in a total of 344 patients who survived cardiac arrest. We studied if we could understand how it is possible that patients can experience an enhanced consciousness during cardiac arrest because according to our current medical concepts it’s not possible to experience consciousness during cardiac arrest when circulation and breathing have ceased.

So we studied this for quite a long time and then we also did a study with groups after two and eight years. This total study took 10 years and it was published in The Lancet in 2001. Following this publication there were so many questions and I was lecturing so many times around the world. A lot of people asked me about the book and then I just started to write it in the Netherlands. It was published a few years ago and it was translated into German and now into English.

Alex Tsakiris: Right. The book’s been very successful in Europe. I understand it’s sold well over 100,000 copies around the world. We’re a little bit slower here in the States to get it published here, but as you just mentioned, it has been out for a little while, huh?

Dr. Van Lommel: Yes, in Holland it was a best seller. It was sold 100,000 copies within one year and it was even nominated for the Best Book of the Year, 2008. This was quite exciting because the subject of the book is not that easy.

Alex Tsakiris: Right, right. Well, that’s certainly encouraging. I want to get into that in a minute about what is really the state of our culture versus our medical establishment, vis-a-vie this research. But the first thing I want to jump into is one thing I found interesting in the book, which is your account of the personal transformation that you went through being exposed to this information.

And coming from maybe a little bit about your background, which was very traditional in terms of what we would expect for a scientist, a physician, and also being very much of a materialist and believing that this is it, when you die you die. Do you want to talk a little bit about that?

Dr. Van Lommel: I was raised and also in the study of medicine years and years ago, I accepted everything, that there is one kind of science and it was materialistic science. I just accepted the fact that everybody thought that consciousness was a product of a functioning brain. It was because in ’86, after reading the book by George Ritchie, The Return From Tomorrow, about a near-death experience he experienced as a medical student in 1943, I was so curious. I had only heard of it once before in ’69.

I started to ask my patients who survived cardiac arrest if they could remember something of the period of unconsciousness. To my big surprise, within two years out of 50 patients asked, 12 of them told me about their NDEs. And it was for me the start because it was my scientific curiosity, how it could be explained that people can have an enhanced consciousness when they are unconscious, when the heart doesn’t work and there is no breathing and their brain stops functioning.

That’s the reason we started the study and that’s also when I had so many patients telling me about an enhanced consciousness also with the possibility of perception out and above the body that I had to change all my concepts.

Alex Tsakiris: What was it like for you, that personal transformation? As a physician and you break it down, “Hey, I can understand that.” You’re curious. People are telling you this. But from a personal level, what did that do? Those are really shaking up some fundamental beliefs for you.

Dr. Van Lommel: I think when you have spoken to patients who have had a near-death experience, their emotions, their reluctance to share their experience with you, and it’s so honest. And they’re so overwhelmed by this experience, as well. You just believe them because they’re so honest. And then you talk to one or two but I’ve talked to hundreds of those patients. You get convinced that there is more than what we can see, what we can measure.

And really the problem with materialistic science, you can measure just the material aspects of the brain. You cannot measure consciousness. You cannot measure the content of consciousness. You cannot measure what you feel, what you think. So that was a challenge for me, as well.

Alex Tsakiris: I want to push you a little bit further because what I’m getting at is and what this show, Skeptiko, has been about is that I think the knowledge, the information itself without having the experience can be deeply transformational. I mean, if you begin to come to grips with the fact that science is revealing that maybe what the great wisdom traditions throughout time have taught us that we’re more than our bodies; that we may be something called spirit. That has to give you pause for most people who grow up in our modern society, Atheistic as it is. Have you seen it in yourself that the information itself, beyond the experience, is personally transforming to people?

Dr. Van Lommel: Oh yes. Also for me it was transforming because you realize that it’s kind of resonating within your hidden knowledge, your knowing that what they tell is the truth. And there’s no-death is just the physical end of the person but not the end of the essence of who you are. And there’s continuity of consciousness. That’s really mind-blowing as well that you can accept it and especially I was so amazed when I started reading about it in all world religions, all times and all cultures. It has been said and written down.

Alex Tsakiris: Which makes it all the more interesting, going back to what you just described as a natural medical curiosity. The question that pops into mind is why don’t more doctors have that kind of curiosity? Or maybe the courage to explore that curiosity?

One of the stories you related in the book that I think relates to this is a cardiologist who-you can tell the story better than I can-who was at a conference and stood up and said, “Hey, this is all bunk. I’ve been a cardiologist for 20 years. My patients have never told me any stories like this.” Right?

Dr. Van Lommel: Yeah, that’s a wonderful story. There was a conference about near-death experience at a university hospital with more than 300 people in attendance. There were some lectures about NDEs. There were some people talking about NDEs. Then a cardiologist stood up and said, “I’m a cardiologist for more than 25 years. I’ve never heard such absolute stories. This is total nonsense. I don’t believe one word of it.” And then another person stood up in the audience and said, “Well, I’m one of your patients and I’ve had a near-death experience and you would be the last one I would ever tell.”

And this is how it works because they feel that it is impossible to share the experience with those physicians who are not open for it.

Alex Tsakiris: And maybe that’s a lot to expect. Maybe it’s too much to expect. One of the things I want to chat with you about is I sent you a clip from a recent interview I did with Dr. Sam Parnia, who of course works in the UK in the AWARE Project, which is investigating near-death experience. Here’s a guy who studied NDEs for 10 years and is still torn. You can tell he’s torn. But he’s still clinging to this ‘these are probably just an illusion; these are probably just a quirk of the brain.’ Can I play this clip for you again and then see if we can talk about it a little bit?

Dr. Van Lommel: Yes, yes of course you can.

“…and so if we get say 500 people who all supposedly die and come back and all that sort of stuff. And they all claim they saw Dr. Smith and have all these incredible stories and they can describe what was happening, then supposedly if they really are out-of-body they should see that picture. If, on the other hand, it’s just an illusion, it’s a trick of the mind, which it may well be and I suspect it will turn out to be, then we would expect no one to be able to see those pictures.”

Alex Tsakiris: Okay, so I’m not going to go into the details of the experiment, which is kind of interesting to me, the way that it’s framed up. But here’s a guy who says, ‘Hey, I suspect my hunch is this is all an illusion.’ What are your thoughts?

Dr. Van Lommel: It’s not an illusion at all. When you go to the definition of an illusion it is a misapprehension or misleading image. An out-of-body experience  where they have veridical perception, what’s happening to their body during resuscitation or during the operation and these aspects can be corroborated by doctors and nurses and family members.

It’s important because it can not only tell us what they perceived but also the moment that it happened can be corroborated. And that what they perceived from a position out of the body really happened at a time that they were unconscious and there was no cardiac function; there was no brain function at all. Because we also know that electrical activity in the brain stops in an average of about 15 seconds. So they have an enhanced consciousness with the possibility of perception out of the body during the period of a non-functioning brain.

It’s also interesting to mention that  recently there was a study done by Jan Holden in the book, The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences where she had to review 93 corroborated reports with out-of-body experience. She found that 92% was completely accurate and 6-10% contained some error and only 1-2% was completely erroneous. So they proved that NDE cannot be an illusion nor can it be a hallucination, which is really an experience in perception that has no basis in reality like in psychosis. Neither is it an illusion, which is an incorrect assessment of a correct perception. So what they perceived really happened so there can by definition be no illusion at all.

Alex Tsakiris: So what do you think is going on for a guy like Dr. Parnia, because in his presentation he gives these mixed messages. I mean, he’s very respectful of these accounts and he tells these personal accounts that he’s had from patients. He tells us about this three-year-old boy who saw his body above his ambulance and says, “Hey, there’s no way this kid was making this up or there’s no way that there was a cultural influence.” And yet it seems-and I don’t want to stretch too far because I interviewed the guy but I can’t reach into his mind-how strong is the pressure to not believe? To not even consider that consciousness might exist outside the brain?

Dr. Van Lommel: Well, I think I would like to call it willful ignorance if people don’t want to study it. Sam Parnia is studying it because he’s open but the challenge is for him is will there be one patient who will perceive the hidden sign? Now I’m afraid there will be no patient at all because when we perceive also now during our life, it’s all depending on our intention and attention. So when you walk a whole day in nature with two persons and they’re asked to write down what happened to them, you find two total different stories. When you drive a car you don’t really perceive what’s going on outside you.

So you need intention and attention. When you are out of your body during cardiac arrest, you just see your body or you think of your family and you will be there. You will not start looking around to see if there will be some hidden sign. It’s what you call in science inattentional blindness. If you’re not attentive you won’t see things.

Alex Tsakiris: But what does all that say for the future of this research in that it seems like we’re really at a crossroads. To break through that medical establishment, the scientific establishment that is really, really determined to resist any notion of this survival of consciousness. Is there really any chance that we can break through that? Or are we going to wind up with stuff like the AWARE study, which I have to tell you later on in the interview I think he kind of admits that this really doesn’t have much of a chance of really achieving a positive result that would convince anybody.

Dr. Van Lommel: That positive result is when you are trying to find patients who will see the hidden sign is perhaps what you can find when you have patients with a critical perception in your out-of-body experience experiment you have to corroborate these veridical perceptions. You need doctors and nurses and family members. When you hear such a story you have to try to find out if what they tell is true.

The skeptics always say, “Well, this is just an anecdote.” But there have been so many, many anecdotes; so many patients talk about details of the situation it is totally impossible to know. Also the study of Sabom in from years ago found that patients who had an out-of-body experience who talk about details of resuscitation which was impossible to know.

And it’s also interesting to know that one patient of Penny Sartori who is English and is also performing research on NDE, she had one patient who had an out-of-body experience  and who could tell exactly a lot of details about the resuscitation. But she did not see the hidden sign. She had put signs in the room. So they have no intention to look around. So I think that if critical perception can be corroborated the better. The more the better. And that’s the way we have to study it.

Alex Tsakiris: Right. But here’s what I’m getting at. I guess it relates back to your book and the success of your book. How do we bridge the gap between the public interest which is enormous and the public acceptance? Because this is one of those things where you just lay out the case for the people and you lay out the case histories, and people go, “Wow, I guess I have to accept that.” And a lot of people are probably already predisposed to think that this might be possible.

Yet we jump over into this other world which is the medical establishment world and there’s this complete denial and this misreporting. I mean, you can personally attest to this. When your study came out and Michael Shermer famously writes up an interpretation of your research which is exactly the opposite of what you said, and yet there’s never any retraction. There’s never any full do-over. There seems to be this huge gap between the public and the medical establishment and are we ever going to bridge that gap?

Dr. Van Lommel: I think the gap is not that large or as big as you presume because the Skeptics are very active. The Skeptics have their own truth and they don’t listen to somebody else who has a different opinion. So there’s a gap and there will always be a gap. There is no discussion possible with Skeptics because they have the truth.

But a lot of physicians are a little bit more open but they won’t write articles. They won’t ever write or tell about it in public. I know some physicians who have had a near-death experience. They said to me and wrote to me that ‘what happened to me now I’ve always said this is impossible and now it happened to me.’

There are 9 million people in the U.S. who had a near-death experience and there are even more people had a post mortal experience or after death communication. And all those people had an experience in the consciousness. It doesn’t fit in their current material science but it’s true for them. They are so happy to read papers or books where it is for them supporting the experience they had.

Most physicians don’t believe or are open for it but I think it’s changing. I’m positive. Now if I give lectures at universities for physicians, for hospitals, in the Netherlands it’s changing. But it is a slow change. Especially scientists who are not religious or don’t believe in what they call an afterlife. ‘I’m not open to this kind of discussion.’ But yet in public physicians are more open to it than let’s say, the 200 scientists of the leading scientists in the United States. They are authors of journals there in universities and people in high positions. So they are a category of scientists in the United States that only 7% of people are religious. In the general population it’s about 90%.

Alex Tsakiris: Well, I think one of the challenges is to decouple near-death experience science from any particular religious interpretation or even any religious interpretation at all. It seems like the first step is just jumping across this chasm of consciousness. Maybe tell us about how this research into near-death experience has further informed and driven your general interest in consciousness research.

Dr. Van Lommel: It’s a special interest in the relationship between consciousness and the function of the brain because as I have learned always and accepted the hypothesis. They haven’t proven the hypothesis that consciousness is a product of the brain. This topic should be discussed again because people experience an enhanced consciousness, the paradoxical occurrence of an enhanced consciousness during the period of a nonfunctioning brain.

So I’ve been seeing also in the literature about what we know about what happens in the brain when the heart stops. We know also the chemical features of such a patient. He loses consciousness within seconds all of his body reflexes are gone which is a product of the cortex of the brain. But also the brain stem reflexes are gone, the gag reflex, the corneal reflex or the wide pupils are clinical findings in those patients. And also the breathing stops. So the breathing center close to the brain stem stops functioning.

The clinical findings are there is no function of the brain anymore and the electrical activity where you measure it in the EEG is. In an average of 15 seconds there’s a flat-line. And the average period you need in a coronary care unit to resuscitate the patient is at least one to two minutes or more. So there are all those patients who have a cardiac arrest in the hospital and out of hospital arrests that flat-line on an EEG and they have about 20% of having a near-death experience, which is an enhanced consciousness in combination with emotions and memories from early childhood. Also sometimes with future events, with the meeting of deceased relatives, and also at the end of the experience is the consciousness returning to the body.

So all these aspects of consciousness that the people tell you, and there are so many who have told me or written me. It’s not possible that the current medical concepts that the brain product makes the consciousness, that consciousness is a product of the brain, that is impossible. So the brain function for me, it’s not producing consciousness but it is facilitating. That means it makes it more possible to experience your waking consciousness and doesn’t produce it.

Alex Tsakiris: One of the terms you kept using over and over again that I think is key is this idea of an enhanced consciousness. For me that’s one of the things I really don’t understand from the folks who are familiar with the research and yet they gloss over this. I mean, we’re not talking about even the same level of consciousness. We’re talking about almost uniformly people reporting an enhanced-a hyper, a super-consciousness at a time when at the very least the brain is severely compromised if not completely off-line. And I just don’t understand how there can be a complete denial of this basic fact.

Dr. Van Lommel: Because it doesn’t fit in their concepts. They have to change their own paradigm if they accept it so they close the door. This enhanced consciousness which I also call the non-local consciousness, there is no time and no distance. Everything is there at the same time and you have a life review during cardiac arrest for two minutes. You can talk for days about what happened to you but everything is there at the same time.

And the past and the future is there as well, so your consciousness is in a dimension where there’s no time and no space, which is totally different from the consciousness we have here. They are united in this physical world. You are the subject and the object. But in the other dimension there is only subject. You’re one with everything.

Alex Tsakiris: So Dr. Van Lommel, what’s next for you?

Dr. Van Lommel: What’s next for me? Next for me is publishing the book and it will be translated also in the French language and also other languages. I hope that a lot of people read it and talk about it with their physicians or their psychologists. What happened here in Holland is that patients come with my book to the physicians and say, “This is what happened to me.” Now already I have had letters and email from patients that said, “My doctor said that you have to read the book of Van Lommel.”

So it’s helpful for people for supporting people who had these kinds of experiences. It’s so hard to accept it yourself because it’s beyond imagination, what happens to you, and you cannot let’s say, accept it in this materialistic and capitalistic world. It’s a totally different approach to life and death.

Alex Tsakiris: Well, it’s wonderful to think that that book is making that kind of impact and having that kind of effect not only on the public but also on the medical community. It’s neat to see that the doctors are actually then circling back around and saying, “I’ve found this to be helpful for my other patients, so even if I’m not totally onboard with it, I’m going to recommend it to some other patients.”

Dr. Van Lommel: I’ve got now a lecture at Yale University. Well that’s wonderful. I love to lecture at universities in Holland. I’ve done it also in Germany. And I think it’s good to start to talk about it and people hear really what it’s all about. They have to start thinking about it. You cannot deny it anymore.

Alex Tsakiris: It’s certainly been great sharing this time with you today and thanks so much for the book and for your thoughts this morning. Thank you.

Dr. Van Lommel: You’re welcome. And I hear you’re open for it and have the interest in it. You have been reading a lot about it and I like it. So thank you very much for your attention, as well.

Alex Tsakiris: Thanks again to Dr. Van Lommel for joining me today on Skeptiko. If you’d like more information on the show, please visit the Skeptiko website at skeptiko.com. You’ll find links to all of our previous shows and an email/Facebook link to me, a link to the forums I was talking about where you can engage with other Skeptiko listeners.

As a final note, thanks to all of you who had some very nice emails and comments regarding the last couple episodes of Skeptiko. I really appreciate that. So please stay with me. Tell your friends about Skeptiko.

I have several interesting interviews coming up in the near future, including the interview I mentioned with Chris Carter and several others. So that’s going to do it for today. Until next time, bye for now.

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posted in near-death experience, skeptic v. believer | forum discussion | Email Me



« 118. Dr. Jeffrey Long Responds to “NDEs are an Illusion”
120. Dr. James Fetzer Separates JFK Assassination Science From Fiction »
  • Rudolf Smit

    Correction Alex: Van Lommel et al did not study 44 patients bu 344 (three hundred fortyfour) patients! PLease rectify that.

  • NW

    Alex,

    I disagree with you on a couple of points and I come from the proponent side of the aisle.

    Telepathy researchers shouldn't have to spell out all the implications of the “second 'If' question” because – no matter how significant those implications are – they are irrelevant to the evidence for telepathy and what researchers are discovering about telepathy. The focus for researchers should always be on the scientific evidence because in the context of discussing how good that evidence really is the philosophical implications can only serve as a distraction.

    The second point is that the reality of telepathy doesn't turn science on its head, it only changes the way that we think about the scientific data that's been accumulated thus far. Those things that our science has discovered as being true will go on being true regardless of whether telepathy is real or not, the only thing that potentially changes is the worldview in which those truths revealed by science are understood.

  • NSFWJonathan

    A quick game of 'if – then.'

    If telepathy, ESP, mediumship etc are testable scientifically, then they are natural, normal, object phenomenon.

    I'm not saying they don't exist (even though I'm not on your side of the fence), I'm saying that if these things DO exist and are testable by Science then there is no need for the 'para' prefix. If they are objective phenomenon, they are perfectly normal.

    While I'm not saying this is the be-all end-all test for what is science, it's a question I've never heard directly addressed: how do you falsify something that (if it exists) has proven elusive at best?

  • Roms

    Very interesting interview.

    I do feel one thing with this interview. The gap that we need to close between people who have already accepted the evidence and the ones who havent is getting bigger.

    This is where the emphasis should be put and where that AWARE study funds should be invested. At least they'd be somewhere where we could see some ROI. Sorry but this study looks more and more like a joke. People do come back with accurate data so why are we asking for more. I thought what we were after is to replicate things. Well if people come back with info being corroborated by other people time and time again thats your replication right there.

    James Randy and his Church still have some good times ahead unless an articulated, powerful and collective answer is put forth.

  • Rudolf Smit

    Dear Roms, the problem with (pseudo-)skeptics is that they always ask for more and while doing that continuously move the goal posts. And in the end they invariably say that the evidence does not convince them. This has been my experience over the past 30 years or so. It seems to me that what is called skepticism has, on the whole, hardly anything to do with real science, but rather: it is an ideology. This is infuriating, which is why I have given up taking (pseudo-)skeptics seriously.
    As for Pim van Lommel, you have no idea how badly he has been treated by the (pseudo-)skeptics in the Netherlands. They threw around insults and character assassinations that not any decent person would dream of. Sometimes I think that those so-called skeptics are the Taliban of science.

  • http://www.skeptiko.com/ Alex Tsakiris

    thx… I hear you… but was making a different point. I'm ok with atheistic telepathy research that doesn't aim to turn science on its head… I'm ok with it… I just think it misses the point… i.e. I think it ignores the full weight of the implications of “mind not equal brain”. We can pretend that these are little islands of research, but I don't think anyone really believes it.

  • JH45

    Excellent interview as always. Love Skeptiko.

  • Aaron

    I enjoy your interviews Alex. They clarify opinions and fuel debate.

    I don't see why people are so dismissive of the AWARE study. A trillion anecdotes are not going to overturn the current paradigm. They already would have by now if they could. Some psi researchers are coming to the conclusion that, even though psi exists, it is impossible to prove it exists to hard nosed skeptics.

    So, if you want the current paradigm to be turned on its head, you have to hope that something like the AWARE study will produce irrefutable proof of some kind. If these experiences are truly mind free from body, this will eventually be objectively proven.

  • http://www.skeptiko.com/ Alex Tsakiris

    ok, but researchers are “testing” ESP/telepathy, right?

  • Wpl3777

    The AWARE study is conditional. It makes the assumption that IF a person is floating above their body THEN they will see the signs they put out. Pixels have already been spilled about why someone would not or could not perceive the signs in a spiritual state where the last thing on their minds is performing tricks or jumping through hoops for experimenters.

    The issue at hand is the limitations of modern man to describe creation using empirical tools currently available to us. We seem to think that we are capable of detecting, experimenting on and explaining every object in the universe when we've had electricity for only a hundred years. It's simply arrogance.

    Imagine you are a researcher from Italy coming to America to study tornadoes. You know Kansas has a lot, so during Springtime you set up a lab in the middle of a wheat field. Cameras, radars, barometers start streaming information. Now, you've heard of tornadoes. You've read reports about their existance, even talked to people who have ridden them out in bathtubs and basements. The noise of a freight train, the explosions and violence sound aweful, unbelievable.

    So you begin your study. Its 3:30 in the afternoon on a warm, humind May afternoon. You're in your wheatfield. The barometer drops, winds pick up, lighting and thunder light up the prairie. All the conditions for what we know a tornado is like come together, and you have your camera set on your patch of the prairie. You hear the sirens, feel the wind and the rain. All hell seems to be breaking lose.

    But you record no tornado. The one acre of land your camera was focused on should have been devasted by a twister. It met with all the scientifically designed permameters- right humidity, low air pressure, turbulent winds and colliding air fronts. But your experiment was handicapped by its small scope, if a tornado did not make it under the microscope, it did not exist. An dyou go home telling your friends that tornadoes are a myth because you did not record one all Spring and SUmmer long on your small acre of Kansas wheat field, this when they strike Pennsylvania, Canada and England – completely unexpected but in reality occuring.

    My point is that making any conclusions on anything but whether people out of body will pay attention to numbers and signs in this AWARE study are unwarrented. Unwarrented because of the small scope of the investigation and the inabillity to take into account an as yet undetermined amount of variables.

  • NSFWJonathan

    There are researchers 'testing' esp and telepathy -

    1) There have been very few well designed experiments that have been (and this is REALLY important) replicated by OTHER researches using either the same, or BETTER control methods.

    2) IF ESP and Telepathy ARE real phenomenon that are objectively verifiable through scietific experiments and observation (and anecdotes, unfortunately, do not count), then they are completely natural and normal.

    So, if these phenomenon are happening AND are completely natural, normal and explainable – how would that overturn ANY scientific paradigms beyond the false paradigm of “it's not real.” The CONCENSUS is that these phenomenon don't exist in any way we can currently replicate, control, predict or provide a natural mechanism for – but if the research were to one day show definitively OVER MULTIPLE well controlled experiments by both proponents and skeptics then that CONCENSUS would be overturned – not some nebulous scientific paradigm.

    Furthermore, any Scientist worth his mettle (and these are becoming more and more rare on either side of any issue) shouldn't be designing experiments to show his hypothesis is true – he or she should be designing experiments to show that his hypothesis is WRONG.

    My question to you, Alex (but more importantly to the active researchers) is: What evidence, what experimental outcome would DISPROVE (falsify) the hypothesis that ESP/telepathy exist?

  • Wplynch81

    We assume that we have the skills and know-how to adequately investigate the subject. If it is super-natural, if it transcends our understanding of the material, it cannot be explored enough or explained with the empiricism that we are accustomed to in other areas.

    Consensus is not science, it is the generation of understanding based on a community's acceptance as reality certain based on its own conception of authority. In other words, peer pressure. In the 1700's it was the scientific consensus that meteors came from earth, not space. To think otherwise was superstitious. Consensus was also important in the areas of Social Darwinism and Eugenics. The consensus changed only with the political and cultural pressure, not scientific inquiry. More peer pressure. With modern debunkers and skeptics leading the charge against our subject matter, the very notion of an unbiased scientific consensus is untenable.

    The rejection of the anecdote itself is unscientific. The notion that we can not be sure a certain event or events occur because we can not replicate it in a lab is unreasonable. Reality is full of the spontenous and the unexpected.

    Science has proven that aspirin cures a headache, but do an experinent with 10 people with headaches and perhaps four may experience relief. Does this disprove aspirin's effects? Expensive cancer treatments are tested extensively in labs, yet many die, nonetheless. Empirical evidence teaches us that a good diet and healthy living increases the life span, yet we all know of a hard drinkin, chain smoking bacon addict who lived into their seventies or eighties, and a yoga instructor vegatarian who dies of cancer in her fourties. The bottom line, scientific observation is hampered by man's lack of omniscience, our minds cannot juggle the infinite variables of the multiverse. We place so much faith into science that we can't see how vulnerable it is.

    This does not mean we should give up. We are children in a cosmic sandbox. Our best tools, our pails and plastic mini-shovels are all we have to explore its depths. We should play the hand creation has delt us, with the humility that perhaps we are not able to dig up the answers to all of our questions to our obsessive satisfaction.

  • Wplynch81

    I just listened to an excellent interview Dean Radin did with Bruce Greyson. These are two heavyweights in the field of study. Here is the link. It's a good overview of the subject area.

    http://www.noetic.org/library/audio-teleseminars/near-death-experience-with-bruce-greyson/

  • Wplynch81

    In case the links above doesn't work, go to noetic.org. Then look for the “teleseminars”. The interview is listed there with attached sound files.

  • Eric

    Alex, did you see this?

    http://www.noetic.org/library/sets/audio/essentials-of-noetic-sciences-teleseminar-series/6/

  • http://www.skeptiko.com/ Alex Tsakiris

    thx… great… pls allow me to re-post in the Skeptiko forum :)

  • Tim

    Rudolf Smit is correct. The insults and snears which have been aimed at Van Lommel beggar belief. What has this coniving, wicked, wicked Cardiologist done ?………well he has had the temerity to report that based on his very thorough study/ observations over twenty years, he believes that consciousness survives physical death.

    Oh Bugger !! What.. bloody.. awful.. news !!!. I was soooo looking forward to my own personal extinction, too, and this interfering busybody comes along and spoils it, telling me that I may actually meet up again with family members and relatives that I was devastated to lose !!!

  • Rudolf Smit

    LOL! Funny response, Tim!

    Somewhere on the Forum Alex says that, as for the skeptics, the situation in the Netherlands is perhaps not so James-Randi-like. Well, I can only partly concur. I was for a few years heavily involved in the Skeptics movement in the Netherlands, but eventually I walked out, disgusted of their being so extremely arrogant, so hard-headed, so absolutely sure of being right all the time. Worse: a total disrespect for all people who countered them with good arguments – when they could not win they resorted to ad hominems by the dozen, calling names, and so on.
    As for Van Lommel's book, as soon as it was spotted by those so-called skeptics, they went on the attack. Let me translate a few of their slanderous words: [Van Lommel had produced] gibberish, ravings, balderdash… and one of the latest hatemails says of him that he is downright evil.
    Van Lommel confessed to me that, certainly in the beginning, he had sleepless nights. Eventually he decided not to respond to his “critics” because that would be a highly frustrating and counterproductive exercise. And he is right: (Pseudo-)skeptics never give in, let alone say: sorry, I was wrong.

  • NSFWJonathan

    Where and how does your response really speak to anything I've put forward?

    I've never said that I think psi, ESP etc are 100% wrong and aren't deserving of research; on the contrary, I find the subject exciting and if good research is done, then good research is done. If the subject is utterly transcendent, then how can we study it? How can we determine if it's real or not, beyond personal experience and anecdotes?

    Now, if your anecdote is personal and your experience lines up with the ideas behind psi, ESP et. al., fantastic! This, however, doesn't make it at all scientific. Consensus is not science – correct. However, there still exists scientific consensus, and the current consensus is that the aforementioned phenomenons don’t exist in the manner that has been posited over the past several centuries. It could be overturned – but that's not a paradigm.

    Cancer – yes people die. How earthshaking. The fact of matter is that cancer rates have been progressively going down (especially if you consider just the fact of increased reporting) but more importantly cancer survival rates are GOING UP. Are there anomalies? Of course – that's the nature of the world as we seem to see it, as you said. But anomalies do not equate to some problem with science.

    As I said before, a scientist worth his mettle wants to prove his ideas wrong, not right. Still, no one has even mentioned this idea – not you Wplynch81 and not Alex either. What would it take to show that these ideas might be wrong? I fully admit that there is some chance (even if I believe it's a sliver of a chance) that 'paranormal/supernatural' phenomena exist, but are proponents will to accept that it may not exist? The phrase “With modern debunkers and skeptics leading the charge against our subject matter…” indicates to me that you aren’t at all interested in falsifying your own hypothesis on the ‘subject,’ and will only accept confirming data.

    Please correct me if this is not the case.

    We can never stop looking for answers – but the big question we all have to face equally is, will we be willing to accept these answers, even if we don’t' like them? If you just keep being your drum of sciences imperfections (IE – not being able to currently explain every single damn anomaly) then we will never move forward. Ever.

    Lastly, I never once reject anecdotes. I said that anecdotes don’t count as objective, scientific accounts that you can base the existence or non-existence of a phenomenon from. Anecdotes play an important role in science – they are the jumping off point! We hear an anecdote about some situation, phenomenon, miracle, pareidolia, experience etc and we form a hypothesis from these and an initial understanding of evidence and conditions. From there we form experiments to try to test and hopefully disprove our hypothesis by controlling for a multitude of variables.

    The important things to remember about anecdotes (and why they aren’t science on their own) are that they (1) don’t control for variables in any way and (2) the problem with human memory and the unreliability of eye-witness testimony. You can keep using rhetorical flourishes all you want, and you can attack my positions using such methods or you can address what I’ve actually said – how could we prove these ideas WRONG? Just because we might not understand how PSI and ESP might work (and that’s making the huge assumption that they do) does that automatically mean they are paranormal? Can we actually measure and test things objectively if they aren’t even in the realm of the ‘normal’ and the ‘natural’?

  • wondering

    http://dbem.ws/FeelingFuture.pdf

    Article, on a seemingly related experimental note.

  • Roms

    Jonathan,

    On your comment ” “With modern debunkers and skeptics leading the charge against our subject matter…” indicates to me that you aren’t at all interested in falsifying your own hypothesis on the ‘subject,’ and will only accept confirming data. “.

    I think people here can accept a data that would infirm our current position. As Alex said once and I am with him on this one, it seems very much that believers have more doubts than skeptics. The problem with skeptics is they dont do their research properly, yet maintained they are right and you are wrong although they dont provide any strong counter argument. And when cornered they always find a way to escape.

    I was reading the backcover Hitch22, Hitchens' memoir, and Dawkins wrote something like “dont bother turning up at a debate against Christopher, his arguments may be wrong but he's so witty that you will lose”. This clearly shows you the state of mind of the atheists followers so some skeptics as well. Basically it doesnt matter whether you are right or wrong as long as you can talk in a clever way. What kind of scientist says that??!! These guys will eventually be exposed and people will have felt duped the same way they felt with Church or any religious organisation.

    Also, I do notice that a good chunk of people here were hard nosed skeptics but had to change their mind due to the amount of evidence.

    One last comment. We have to stop using the word anecdotes talking about NDErs. These are verifiable data. What is doing Jan Holden and it is called out by Dr Van Lommel is the fact that she cross checks every detail, data given by experiencers and then measure the accuracy. and she replicates that for every NDE.

  • Antony (UK)

    You wrote that – So, if these phenomenon are happening AND are completely natural, normal and explainable – how would that overturn ANY scientific paradigms beyond the false paradigm of “it's not real.”

    I would recommend reading Thomas Khun's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions for a detailed understanding of how real scientific revolutions come about & the nature of paradigms shifts. No scientific data or observations of the natural world can be isolated from the cultural, sociological, psychological,historical, political framework in which the research is carried out. I agree with your point that if PSI is proven to exist then by definition it must be NATURAL & not paranormal which is just an unfortunate label we use to describe phenomenon which is not currently accepted within the existing scientific paradigm. However you are simply incorrect in thinking that the data could be accepted (if natural) without a change in the existing paradigm which acts as a filtering mechanism or framework where consensus has developed around certain accepted theories & ideas. The very problem I think at the moment with PSi research is NOT the data which is volumous (read Chris Carters work or Dean Radin for an overview of the field at present) but the existing paradigm of MATERIALISM which simply will not allow such notions as non physical energy, action at a distance, disembodied minds etc. Even Prof. Wiseman, is on record as stating that if this were any other field the data for psi existence would have been accepted years ago by the scientific community. I do not think you can underestimate the huge paradigm shift which needs to take place in science before this data will be embraced.

    Your point about anecdotal evidence as being unscientific I think needs qualifying – veridical observations during NDEs which can be corroborated by independent witnesses is scientific as it is evidence based which can be utilised to build up a large case study database.

    As to your point about PSI replication, didn't Prof Wiseman replicate Sheldrakes findings with the dog experiments despite his contrary dismissal of them. Note also the numerous Ganzfield studies which have been duplicated & improved upon, re Charles Honorton et al

  • Guest

    Plenty of atheists believe in an afterlife. Don't confuse “atheism” with “philosophical naturalism”

  • http://www.skeptiko.com/ Alex Tsakiris

    Not in my experience… are there any public-figure atheists who share this

    position?

  • http://twitter.com/Shadowgbq Kurt Boyer

    Yes and no.

    Atheism means to my knowledge “rejection of a belief in God” and firstly, if you think about it “belief in God” is such a loaded & empty phrase anyway. In the real, logical study of the paranormal, there is no room for organized religion, or religion of any sort that preaches “faith” or whose followers believe x,y, and z because they were written in a metaphysical narrative or spoken by a self-claimed Messiah. Most Atheists become Atheists by first rejecting the *religious* concept of God — a storybook, all-knowing, all-powerful, perfect, everlasting Sky Chief who speaks Latin or English and orders people around (and he needs money!). I don't describe myself as an Atheist, but do I believe that a fairy tale God can exist such as taught by organized churches? Absolutely not. In some ways, they don't even set Him in the real universe as subject to the same conditions of reality other conscious entities are subject to, so a rational person must reject church theology on principle before even getting to any supposed evidence or opinion.

    But there are two kinds of atheists, really — I'm ignorant about any official studies of them but from my vantage point they fall into Passive/Humble & Faithful/Aggressive. Passive, humble Atheism may be described as Atheists with a yawn. They do not conclude that all paranormal and psychic events are manure; it is more a belief that the Christian/Western “God” is a fairy tale and that a combination of forces must have created our universe rather than One Big Dude. It is very possible to be a “passive” Atheist and carry strong agreement with some or all of the findings of paranormal science. I may agree with you that LAD is real, telepathy is real & that animals can find their way home in conventionally impossible circumstances, and all the while maintain that no one super-rational or super-powerful entity that can be consider a “God” who created these phenomena or the sentient beings who experience them. It might be a sloppy or incomplete position, but it's not necessarily wrong.

    Meanwhile though, there are the active/aggressive/religious skeptical Atheists, who I'm sure you're all too well aware of. These people are not really arguing for Atheism per se, but for materialism, and they imagine that anything setting humankind apart from banal, organic, temporary, mechanistic existence is religious or loony in nature, or that it must be based on some religious “God” concept. It would be very hard for such an Atheist to be open to scientific concepts of psychic phenomena or everlasting consciousness or anything else that seems religious or spiritual when classified crudely.

    As for famous people, I'm pretty sure Clint Eastwood is very anti-religious and many of his movies involve the paranormal. Also coming to mind is Jon Anderson (bandleader of Yes), who despite being a longtime spiritualist & dabbling in just about every religious concept on sale at Quiktrip, has been described as “phenomenally anti-religious” and has written sharply against religions in both song & prose. I would describe him as a paranormalist who is either an Agnostic or a passive/yawning Atheist who doesn't know it.

    Sorry for the length, and thank you for the wonderful work and informative website.

  • Lyn

    On the nail. Its not that its not a reality, we just don't have the means to measure it. These are two very different things. Lets face it, psychology has long had a problem with trying to measure human behaviour in a lab, and the psychology and science department have been at odds for years. I do think that when a large percentage of the population is experiencing a phenomenon, it aught to be recognized. The fact people come back with information they could not readily know, meet relatives who have died, and can see during a near death experience but when conscious they are blind. All these things cannot be explained by drugs, hypoxia etc

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